Paleolithic Era to Roman Occupation

The history of the Loire Valley begins in the Paleolithic era when early human civilization started to settle along the banks of the Loire. Initially hunters and gatherers, these individuals gradually adopted agriculture and livestock farming, influenced by the arrival of Middle Eastern farmers. By the fourth millennium BC, societies started to take shape, forming cities which laid the foundations of Gaul. The land of the Carnutes, the current province of Orleans, was the epicenter of this early civilization.

During this era, significant sites, including gathering places for Druids, were established. However, the tranquility was disrupted by the Roman invasion. The Gauls in the region offered little resistance to Julius Caesar's forces, with the exception of the Carnutes and Andecaves, who launched an unsuccessful uprising. The Romans brought with them significant cultural change, introducing growth in trade and an array of leisure activities.

Christianity and Invasions

Post-Roman invasion, Christianity rapidly spread in cities like Tours, Angers, and Orleans, leading to the construction of religious buildings such as the monasteries of Fleury and Marmoutier, and monastic schools under Charlemagne.

Despite its growth and prosperity, the region attracted invasions from the Saracens and Vikings around the eighth and ninth centuries respectively. These invasions were marked by significant destruction and upheaval, but the Loire Valley persevered and continued to develop.

Middle Ages and Beyond

The Middle Ages was a turbulent period for the Loire Valley, experiencing constant struggles and rivalries over five centuries. Notably, the Hundred Years War (1340 - 1453) significantly impacted the region. The city of Orleans was liberated by Joan of Arc on May 8, 1429, an act of bravery that is celebrated even today.

The post-war period marked a new era for the region. Ravaged by the wars and looting of the barbarian invasions, two French kings, Charles VII and Louis XI, ordered the construction of the famous Chateaux de la Loire. These architectural marvels and the accompanying artistry transformed the Loire Valley, making it an important part of the Kingdom of France during the Renaissance.

Modern Era

The 17th and 18th centuries saw the Loire Valley strengthen its strategic position by becoming a significant communication axis, facilitated by the construction of the canals of Orleans and Briare. However, the arrival of the railroad in the 19th century marked an end to this maritime activity.

The castles, once the homes of kings, were abandoned or bought by private owners or public entities. Despite their abandonment, these structures have maintained their yesteryear splendor due to the meticulous care of their current owners. The Castle of Villandry, for example, was taken over by the Carvallo family and adorned with Spanish works.

Visitors today can witness this rich history firsthand, with a tour of the Loire Valley's famous castles, offering a fascinating journey through time.